A Multicultural Self Assessment That I - 1055 Words

Journal: Multicultural Awareness Below, I will discuss the results of a multicultural self-assessment that I took. I will describe a time in which I felt â€Å"other†. I will then proceed to explain my personal feelings regarding each. I will discuss a course of action I plan to take as a result of the multicultural assessment. I will develop a counseling identity statement. Finally, I will explain why multicultural awareness and cultural competency are important in the field of counseling. Multicultural Self-Assessment Taking the multicultural self-assessment provided me with some insight. Most of my answers were a four or five. However, I did score two number threes. The first question I ranked myself as a three on was, â€Å"When I need assistance I am comfortable asking for it,† (Petrone, 2004). I am not fully comfortable asking for help. This is something I will work on. The second question which I ranked three was â€Å"People are generally good and I can accept them as they are,† (Petrone, 2004). I agree with the second half, I can accept people for who they are. I am very nonjudgmental and I try to keep my mind open to all possibilities and situations. However, I see things that really make me question if people are generally good. Overall, according to the self-assessment, I was rather well-rounded multiculturally. First Time I Realized I was â€Å"Other† The first time I realized I was other was when I was in high school. I always excelled as a student. During my senior year, I wasShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Awareness As A Clinical Mental Health Counselor965 Words   |  4 PagesJournal: Multicultural Awareness This paper will introduce and define the need for Multicultural awareness as a clinical mental health counselor. It will further explore examples of various topics in Multicultural counseling such as: Racial and ethnic diversity, gender and social economic status. As a result of this research, in Multicultural awareness, the self-assessment rendered the identity of myself. It allowed me to realize what and who I was as â€Å"other.† In realizing who I was as â€Å"other†, I sawRead MoreThe Multicultural Self Assessment And Gain An Understanding About The Community1317 Words   |  6 PagesJournal: Multicultural Awareness The purpose of this paper is to examine oneself by taking the Multicultural-Self Assessment and gain an understanding about the â€Å"Other† of oneself based on previous experience. This paper will also cover a type of human development this writer identifies with and how they to relate to the field of mental health counseling. These topics will assist one in connecting with clients from different cultures. Multicultural Self-Assessment The findings of the MulticulturalRead MoreMulticultural Competency Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesEthical and Multicultural Self-Assessment Importance of ethical and multicultural competency to the practice of professional psychology is to â€Å"know thy cultural self† is the recommended motto for trainees with regard to two developmental tasks: self-exploration about ones own cultural heritage and understanding and valuing the differences of others† (Roysircar, 2004). Roysircar (2004) said that being able to embrace diversity into your approach to assessment and discretion is an essential partRead More Challenge of Defining a Single Muliticultural Education Essay666 Words   |  3 Pagesof Defining a Single â€Å"Multicultural Education† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As stated in the first paragraph of this article, â€Å"Multicultural education has been transformed, refocused, reconceptualized, and in a constant state of evolution both in theory and in practice.† Multicultural education is always changing. Culture is something that changes on a day-to-day basis. The way our society changes is no one’s hands, but our own. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Multicultural education can be somethingRead MoreThe Diversity Of Multicultural Education972 Words   |  4 Pagesrelevant teaching by using multicultural teaching dimensions, so that all children can achieve. Multicultural education will be successful only when the teacher understands the meaning of multicultural education, take into account results from their assessments of the children is learning styles, and then make changes to their teaching methods if necessary, by using a wide range of strategies and teaching techniques, that encourage diversity and acceptance. Multicultural education resembles instructionsRead MoreDiversity, Knowledge, And Skills862 Words   |  4 Pagesperforming a self-assessment and analysis, I was able to determine my own knowledge, attitude and biases related to cultural awareness and competency in order to provide culturally competent nursing care to patients. Personal biases must be put aside while attaining cultural competence. After completing the multicultural awareness self-assessment tool, I have become more aware of the knowledge and skills that I need to focus on to be culturally competent. According to the attached self-assessment, I haveRead MoreReview For Enhancing Cultural Competency1559 Words   |  7 Pagespresented an overview of cultural competency. The paper presented the research problems, concept, target population, and health concerns. In addition, the summary of sample frames with details of the search strategy and analysis is illustrated in Appendix I. The concluding segment of the integrative review will provide the critical analysis to enhance cultural competency in new nursing graduates. The paper will focus on the data reduction, data display and data comparison to the selected studies. In additionRead MoreThe Self Assessment Tool Is The Best Learning System For Managing Diverse Societies1114 Words   |  5 Pagesyou must reference the self-assessment tool. My childhood consisted of two significant moves across the states. Born and raised in southern Florida till I was eight, I was not very exposed to much diversity until moving to California, at age 8 to 15 years old, where I was exposed to mass amounts of diversity and culture. In completing this self-assessment survey, I learned a great deal about myself and the ability to bring to light my strengths and challenges in multicultural awareness and becomingRead MoreTeaching Of A Differentiated Classroom Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore. The readings in chapter six of Di fferentiated Instructional Management (Chapman and King, 2008), stuck me that many of the presented plans are intertwined with each other. I will explain three areas of planning in a differentiated classroom. I will not only discuss the areas of planning, but also speak about how I will incorporate and use the information in my teaching. Over many years, the world has become more diverse with people moving everywhere. This diversity is also reflected in ourRead MoreMulticultural Counselor Competencies Reflect On Culturally911 Words   |  4 Pages Multicultural counselor competencies reflect on culturally sensitive counselors, that are mindful of several foundational principles. These principals include, activation of schema and confirmatory bias; awareness; group differences; racial and cultural identity development; and multiple. As stated on page 230, paragraph one, The Multicultural Counseling Competencies (Arrendondo et al., 1996; Sue and et al., 1992) set standards for the development of beliefs and attitudes, knowledge

Graduation Speech High School - 931 Words

While a necessary step in any dedicated academic’s life, the graduation of high school is not always a cakewalk to accomplish. With the obstacle of mental illness in my way, I found the task of graduating high school and moving on to college to be a mammoth that I felt not healthy enough to conquer. In the second half of my high school career, I found myself in physical and mental states so poor that I missed approximately one third of my desk hours in my junior year. The possibility of returning to school, let alone graduating with my class, seemed bleak. I returned to my high school for my senior year with absolute intention of amendment. I began a prescription regimen of an antidepressant and anti-anxiety medication and attending sessions of therapy regularly. The day of my high school graduation felt like it was a fantasy; I could not believe that I had solved so many of my problems and that I would soon be attending my college of choice. Most unbelievably, I had only myse lf to thank. Although I emerged victorious, I am still a chronic, clinical sufferer of mood and anxiety disorders. Looking back on my own story and having been able to talk to others like myself, I now know that it is a story I share with many students. As a future educator, this common theme of mental illness having such a negative impact on student success worries me. I believe that the current, typical approach to a high school education may inherently be aShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School934 Words   |  4 Pageslife would be graduation. For many people, graduating from high school is an objective. It takes a lot of time, effort, and determination to accomplish that goal. For others graduation is the end of high school, and the beginning of a new chapter in life. When graduated people feel as if adulthood has begun. In the long run, graduating opens a lot of opportunities for people to thrive. I can almost reminisce the day as if it was yesterday. I was sitting in bed like any other school day. It seemedRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School852 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to a report from Thomas Nelson Community College website, 15.7 percent is the graduation rate in 2010. 84 percent of students failed to receive their degree. That’s beyond sad. College can be difficulty especially with everyday life is getting harder to main family life work and financials. Because college is challenging, I know that I have issues that I must overcome. I told myself the more patient s I have the better success I will have. Although college will be difficult my goal isRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pages The day I graduated from high school The High school graduation day is a life full of journeys for everyone, high school life is a memorable time for most people, for me as well. High school can be filled with lots of good memories for some people and it could be filled with bad memories, for me it was both I had good times and I had bad times. The High school Graduation day should definitely be the best day of your life because that means no more high school, no more having to wake up at 6Read MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation854 Words   |  4 Pagesfail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time in their lives where they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university to attend it may be tempting to want to go to a school thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation1507 Words   |  7 PagesForest English 1010 9/9/2014 Graduation During our lives, most of us have hated getting up early. Whether we as humans enjoy mornings or not, we’re always looking forward to that unforgettable day. That special is high school graduation for me. Graduation is a ceremony that recognizes students that have excelled through school. Graduation was one of the best days of my life, perhaps even better than the day that I started college. There is no other day like graduation where there comes this feelingRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation933 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School Graduation With regards to high school graduation, Balfanz, Herzog, and Iver (2007) followed 12,972 Philadelphia students enrolled in traditional middle schools from six grade (1996-1997) until 1 year beyond their expected graduation from high school (2003-2004) in order to understand what indicators would affect their projected graduation date. Unlike many of the early K-8 schools, the population Balfanz et al followed consisted of 64% African American, 19% White, 12% Hispanic,Read MoreGraduation Speech On High School Graduation851 Words   |  4 PagesThere Is No Success Without The Opportunity to Fail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time when they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university they would like toRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School997 Words   |  4 Pagesup, I loved going to school and dreamed of one day attending college. Attending school every day and receiving good grades had become my top priority from K-12. I excelled from K-8th grade, but entering into high school was completely different than primary school. The atmosphere and environment was new to me, I was free to roam the halls or walk back out the door without any repercussions. This began my downward spiral in high school. My freshman year was by far the best school year for me becauseRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School897 Words   |  4 PagesHigh school was one of the most challenging moments in my life. Not only did I have to deal with the academic pressures and social issues from my peers I had external factors that were heavily impacting me as well. During my junior year my mom separated from her husband and me and my three little brothe rs ended up staying house to house with close relatives. Shortly after that time at the beginning of my senior year, my mom was sent to prison. In the midst of dealing with all of the demands thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I was in high school I had one goal, I would graduate top of my class and go to the University of Florida for pre-medicine, then onto their medical school. I never considered that I would want anything else, so I went to a specialty high school that would allow me to specialize in Biomedical sciences(STEM) and never even thought about the possibility of a life other than the one I had so precisely planned out for myself. When my nephews were born my sophomore year all of my priorities changed

Aerospace Outsourcing Free Essays

Title of Assignment: Outsourcing and the AeroSpace Industry Table of Contents The origin of outsourcing in the Aerospace Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.. . We will write a custom essay sample on Aerospace Outsourcing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Page 3 Barriers to entry in the Monopoly and Oligopoly Industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. .Page 4 Types of Outsourcing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . Page 4 The Demand for Outsourcing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . Page 6 S. W. O. T. Analysis of Outsourcing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . Page 7 Gross Domestic Product †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. . Page 9 The future of Outsourcing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pag e 10 Is it Outsourcing or Offshoring†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . Page 12 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Page 13 PowerPoint Presentation Slides The origin of Outsourcing in the Aerospace Manufacturing The term outsourcing is frequently used to describe a movement away from vertical integration – moving an activity outside the firm that formally was done within the firm. The term outsourcing also is used to describe an ongoing arrangement where a firm obtains a part or service from an external firm {text:bibliography-mark} . Outsourcing is not a new concept, for hundreds of years businesses have outsourced their needs; however, during the industrial evolution the US economy begun to acquire a greater need for outsourcing as costs of manufacturing became a concern, this move begun in the 1950’s and continued aggressively to the 1980’s and 1990’s as global competition placed a greater strain on the economic growth {text:bibliography-mark} . Outsourcing was not formally identified as a business strategy until 1989 (Mullin, 1996). In the beginning of this acclaimed activity, firms outsourced what was deemed essential; however, as the evolution of outsourcing occured – fueled by the need to ‘cut-cost’ continued, other functions which were important but not relative to the core competencies of the firm begun to be outsource as well. From an economic perspective outsourcing is an industry in itself which can be viewed from a micro-economic and macro-economic perspective, this indicates its demand and supply curve moves in respective directions as the need for it grows or diminishes just as any other markets within an economy. In saying this it can be a very broad subject and can carry large discussions; this paper will deviate towards outsourcing’s role in the commercial aerospace manufacturing industry which begun in 1954 with Boeing and remained dominated by Boeing, Airbus and Bombardier since 1986. Barriers to entry Barriers to entry are one of the key incentives of the monopoly and oligopoly industry. The Aerospace industry, which is dominated by three main players, Boeing, Airbus and Bombardier is considered to be an oligopoly industry, because of the â€Å"Market Power† that is held by these firms. The industry has high fixed cost and is excessively capital intensive and time consuming, which serves as the key restriction not to be attractive for competition. In order to create value and share risk, the industry has fostered the idea of outsourcing. Outsourcing is using the facilities and services of a third party to supply good that would otherwise be created by the organization. Figure 1 details the major difference between a market with perfect competition and one that does not: {draw:frame} Types of Outsourcing The outsourcing framework begins with the decision to ‘make or buy,’ this would lead to ‘_insourcing__’_ (make) or outsourcing (buy). Outsourcing has two major components, ‘_inshoring_’ (in-land) or ‘_offshoring_’ (distant land). Offshoring has three major component, ‘_nearshore__’_ which indicates the work is outsourced to a nearby country to the parent company as opposed to farshoring; whereas, ‘_captive centers__’_ are overseas subsidiaries set-up to serve the parent company {text:bibliography-mark} . The framework of outsourcing can be very complex and arriving at the decisions can cause a material change in the supply curve of a manufacturing firm as the process of outsourcing is very costly and burdensome, if done improperly it can have a an unfavorable ROI. {draw:frame} Jobs outsourced Job functions outsourced fall in two major categories, Information Technology (IT) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). Under BPO, essential components or parts are being outsourced where it once was manufactured in-house. In the Commercial Aerospace manufacturing industry, it became more prevalent that manufacturing all parts of a commercial airplane was time consuming and costly, this brought about the demand for outsourcing. The demand of outsourcing Outsourcing is an exponential concept in business that has an impact on both the provider and consumer. When this aspect is viewed through the business lenses, the focus is on value creation. The intrinsic benefit of outsourcing is twofold, in that, the consumer gets to reap the benefit of economies of scale, where-as the provider get’s to charge for the product supplied. The exchange of these transactions create value for the parties involved as well as contribute to the participants gross domestic product (GDP). O_ffshoring_ of the general maintenance as well as parts for assembling new airplanes has heightened, which seems to have a negating effect of the domestic manufacturing industry. As airlines have rushed to slash costs, aircraft maintenance outsourcing has increased significantly from 37% of maintenance expenditures for major U. S. airlines in 1996 to 64% in 2007 ( At-A-Glance. 2008 December). The law of demand states that consumer will increase their consumption once there is a benefit to be gained. The increase in demand for outsourcing will result in a downward sloping demand curve, as outsourcing of maintenance continues to decimate the highly skilled aircraft labor force which will eventually have adverse economic effect – reduction in the wetware of the industry. The law of demand – Quantity demanded increases as price reduced {draw:frame} Technical knowledge is being shared with the players of the industry, thereby leading to increase competition in the near future. Boeing’s partners in Japan and Italy will be building composite structures that include sophisticated sub-systems that are already certified, tested and ready for final assembly. (Manufacturing and Technology News, Feb 2007). There are benefits to be gained from the new phenomenon, â€Å"Outsourcing†. In the business arena benefits are offset by weaknesses, which need to be ev aluated and planned for accordingly. S. W. O. T analysis of outsourcing has economic and financial benefits for the end user. S. W. O. T Analysis of outsourcing – The consumer perspective Financial Benefits No major capital outflow Contractual cost are treated as sunk cost – assist in decision making Less wear and tear on assets – longer life and high ROI Risk is shared with suppliers Lower unit cost Concentrate on creating value to customer No expense is incurred with equipment maintenance Pricing technique is enhanced, Marginal cost is known Variable costs are known which help to allocate resource Plan, coordinate and manage corporate resources An outward shift signifies an increase in demand The financial gains of outsourcing will force firms to build this aspect into their strategy; this will create a shift in demand for the commodity, thereby shifting the curve to the right. An increase in demand will cause shift in demands as oppose to a movement along the curve which is the result of a reduction in price. {draw:frame} Gross Domestic Product of domestic and foreign economy India’s economy is the twelfth largest in the world by nominal value, and ranks fourth in purchasing power parity. In 2008, India had established itself as the world’s second fastest growing major economy. The service industry in India accounts for 62. 6 percent of the country’s GDP followed by the industrial and agricultural sectors which contribute 20 percent and 17. 5 percent. India’s GDP in 2008 was 3. 344 compared to the US GDP which was 1461 in 2008. GDP graph of India and the United States {draw:frame} Outsourcing is the practice of using a service from an outside supplier. There are many pros and cons when it comes to outsourcing; however, many big name airline companies based in the US weigh their opportunities. India has become the leader in outsourcing, gathering interest of companies looking to save money. India is well known for their IT, science, and technology, giving companies like those in the airplane industry a reason to consider outsourcing. Those who wish to outsource reap the benefits of paying lower wages: however, it can come at a cost of language barriers and cultural differences. In some circles the language barrier is considered a pro not a con because many Indian vendors invest money in cross cultural training. There is also the uncertainty of the outsourcing company being able to stay in business. In today’s economy many airlines are using outsourcing by purchasing goods at a lower rate than they would if they were to buy them domestic. Many of the major players in the airline industry are finding it more beneficial to purchase the materials that they are using for their business via outsourcing. The airplane manufacturing industry as a whole is expected to grow between 150 billion and 225 billion by the year 2020 in total offshore engineering. India provides aerospace firms both aircraft design and on board electronics systems such as flight control and engine control. The Future of Outsourcing The future of outsourcing appears to be unswerving as processes will remain available to any firm that needs to utilize the activity. However, there are benefits and challenges to major component of selecting the correct provider. These are _appropriate offshore locations, selections of ideal outsourcing partner, dynamic Challenges and outsourcing in-house problems_, are key factors which will determine the future of outsourcing for both supplier and consumer. The future of outsourcing is contingent on the ability to outsource a need effectively, this is empirical to the future of the economy in which outsourcing is a major contributor, for example Boeing and many other firms outsourced to China for years and China’s economy grew due to the decisions that were made. Outsourcing is economically smart on a micro-economic perspective; however, it can be devastating on a macro-economic perspective if the goal is purely capitalistic. {text:bibliography-mark} Priorities for selecting an outsource partner _ _On a scale of 1 to 5 (where 1 = extraneous and 5 = vital) {draw:frame} Selection of appropriate offshore location {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Selection of ideal outsourcing partner {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Dynamic challenges text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Outsourcing in-house problems {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} Kate Vitasek speaks of the decision to outsourcing and the approach to successfully outsourcing. In her views that is the goal of Vested Outsourcing, and this is accomplished by implementing five basi c rules explained in her book. Focus on outcomes, not transactions. Focus on the WHAT, not the HOW. 3. Agree on clearly defined and measurable outcomes. Optimize pricing model incentives for cost/service trade-offs. 5. Governance structure provides insight, not merely oversight. Is it Outsourcing or Offshoring? There are some anti-outsourcing trend booming in the US, but the US Chamber of Commerce (USCC), has evidently come out sturdily in favor of outsourcing as it considers it good for the US economy and it has reportedly decided to fight legislative moves against outsourcing of jobs to countries where jobs are being outsourced. text:bibliography-mark} . With the large amount of lay-offs which have occurred and the many more which may come about, outsourcing is on the hot-plate of a political split, many agree and many disagree with outsourcing; however, is it outsourcing that is the problem or ‘offshoring,’ there are many who agree on a macro-economic perspective that ‘offshroring’ is unhealthy for the economy and have argued their point. The Aerospace industry has ‘offshored’ since the 1960’s and have not collapse the US economy in doing so; however, it has placed itself in dear competition with China who now makes their own planes and gained experience from having been Boeing’s major outsourcing partners. References How to cite Aerospace Outsourcing, Papers

Patterns in Nature Summary free essay sample

Organisms are made of cells that have similar structural characteristics * Outline the historical development of the cell theory, in particular the contributions of Robert Hooke and Robert Brown Robert Hooke was the first person to observe a cell through a compound microscope in 1665. Franscesco Redi used a microscope to observe that flies do not spontaneously appear but develop from eggs laid by other flies. Many years later, Robert Brown observed a large body in both animal and plant cells that he named the nucleus. M. Schleiden and T. Schwann came up with the first two points of cell theory; 1. Cells are the smallest units of life and 2. All living things consist of one or more organised structures called cells. Rudolf Virchow later added the third point to the cell theory; 3. All living things arise from pre-existing cells. * Describe evidence to supports the cell theory * Discuss the significance of technological advances to developments in the cell theory Identify cell organelles seen with current light and electron microscopes In light microscopes the organelles that could be seen were cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, chloroplast, water vacuole and cell membrane. * Describe the relationship between the structure of cell organelles and their function 2. Membranes around cells provide separation from and links with the external environment * Identify the major groups of substances found in living cells and their uses in cell activities The major group of substances found in living cells are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are used as nutrients for cells, cellular respiration, provide energy for the body to function and live off, give structure to cell walls and store glucose. Lipids are a structural component of cell membrane and modulator of cell activity. Proteins regulate the immune system and signal pathways. Nucleic acids are used for the growth repair and reproduction of cells and are also used in DNA and RNA. * Identify that there is movement of molecules into and out of cells Passive transport is the movement of molecules across the cell that doesn’t require expenditure of energy. Active transport on the other hand is the movement of molecules across cell membranes requiring energy and proteins that act as carriers * Describe the current model of membrane structure and explain how it accounts for the movement of some substances into and out of cells The cell membrane is mainly composed of integral proteins and lipid bilayer. The phospholipids form a bilayer with the hydrophilic head facing outwards and the hydrophobic tails facing inwards. This model for the cell membrane is called the fluid mosaic model. The fluid mosaic model demonstrates the semi permeable nature of membrane. Polar molecules have trouble passing though non-polar parts of the membrane but can easily pass through the polar parts of the membrane, therefore to move through the membrane they require protein channels to provide a path through it. Water molecules pass through pores in the lipid and protein channels allow certain substances pass through the membrane; once the molecule enters the protein channel; the protein undergoes a conformational change so that the molecule can pass through. Compare the processes of diffusion and osmosis Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration whereas osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; they both use passive transport * Explain how the surface area to volume ratio affects the rate of movement of substances into and out of ce lls All nutrients and gases needed by a cell have to pass across the cell membrane as do all waste materials when leaving the cell. The requirements of a cell can quickly outstrip the rate at which the membrane can let material cross. As a cell increases in size, it would require greater amounts of nutrients and would have to excrete more waste, the surface area would increase but at a much slower rate. 3. Plants and animals have specialised structures to obtain nutrients from their environment * Identify some examples that demonstrate the structural and functional relationships between cells, tissues, organs and organ systems in multicellular organisms * Cells gt; Tissues gt; Organ gt; System gt; Organism * E. g. Muscle cell gt; Muscle Tissue gt; Stomach gt; Digestive system gt; Human * Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs in terms of nutrient requirements * Plant cells are autotrophic and obtain energy through photosynthesis * Animal cells are heterotrophic and obtain energy through consuming other organisms * Identify the materials required for photosynthesis and its role in ecosystems * Carbon dioxide, water, energy from sunlight, chlorophyll * Photosynthesis occurs only when plants can obtain carbon dioxide, water and light from their external environment, products produced are glucose and oxygen. All living things depend on photosynthesis. Photosynthesis enables green plants to obtain energy directly; plants and animals obtain this energy indirectly from the food they eat. * Identify the general word equation for photosynthesis and outline this as a summary of a chain of biochemical reactions * Carbon dioxide + water light energy gt; glucose + oxygen Explain the relationship between the organisation of the structures used to obtain water and minerals in a range of plants and the need to increase the surface area available for absorption * Water and minerals are obtained through root systems; root systems must have a very large surface area to absorb enough nutrients for the whole plant, they achieve this through having a branching structure and many root hairs. The root system can also be used to anchor the plant. Tap roots: these types of root systems have one main root, called the tap root, side roots come grow out from the tap root, tap roots many penetrate deeply into the soil; sometimes the taproots act as storage organs. * Fibrous roots: these root systems form networks of roots close to the soil surface, they can spread out widely to support the plant, and provide a large surface area for absorption of mineral ions and water * Aerial roots: in areas like water logged estuaries or swamps, plants produce roots that grow above the ground, these roots help with gas exchange. Explain the relationship between the shape of leaves, the distribution of tissues in them and their role * Leaves that don’t get as much sunlight usually have flat, broad leaves to maximise the area exposed to sunlight which allows them to photosynthesise more. Palisade mesophyll contains large amounts of chloroplasts to increase rate of photosynthesis and are arranged closest to the surface of the leaf that receives the most sunlight. Spongy mesophyll cells are arranged between the palisade mesophyll and the stomata, with gaps or a space between them; the gaps allow air to diffuse among the cells which are producing and release both CO2 and O2; this is where gas exchange occurs. Stomata open and close to limit and increase the rate of gaseous exchange and loss of water. Xylem vessels transport water to photosynthetic cells. Phloem tissues transport products of photosynthesis (sugars). Describe the role of teeth in increasing the surface area of complex foods for exposure to digestive chemicals * The role of teeth in a digestive system is to break large foods into smaller pieces, increasing surface area and allowing larger exposure to digestive chemicals * Explain the relationship between the length and overall complexity of digestive systems of a vertebrate herbivore and a vertebrate carnivore in respect to * The chemical composition of their diet * The functions of the structures involved Carnivores: The main com ponent of their diet is meat. Meat contains protein, carbohydrates and lipid (fat), meat is high in energy, and is relatively easy to digest as animals don’t contain cell walls or cellulose like plants; this means that the digestive systems of carnivores are short compared to herbivores. They have very short large intestines, as the meat has already been absorbed in the small intestine * Herbivores: The main component of a herbivore’s diet is plant material. Plants are composed of glucose, starch, lipids, protein, chloride ions and lignin. As most of the mass of plant material is made up of cellulose it is difficult to breakdown compared to animal material, herbivores use the help of micro-organisms to help digest the cellulose. This digestion can occur in two places; fore-gut fermenters digest their food in a chamber before the stomach called the rumen. Hind-gut fermenters digest its food in a chamber after the small intestine called the caecum. The digestive systems of herbivores are a lot larger and longer than that of carnivores. 4. Gaseous exchange and transport systems transfer chemicals through the internal and between the external environments of plants and animals * Compare the roles of respiratory, circulatory and excretory systems * Respiratory System The respiratory system enables gaseous exchange to occur between an organism and its external environment. Organisms take in oxygen which is essential to keep alive and remove carbon dioxide. * Circulatory (transport) System A transport system ensures that all cells in an organism are supplied with necessary nutrients and gases as well as removing waste. The circulatory system transports gases e. g. oxygen and carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, hormones and antibodies. It is responsible for maintaining a constant internal environment. The circulatory system also removes any toxins or pathogens and is responsible for the distribution of heat. * Excretory System The excretory system is responsible for removing metabolic wastes from the blood and to expel them from the organism. Two main waste products are: Nitrogenous wastes – excreted as part of urine Carbon dioxide – expelled from the lungs * Identify and compare the gaseous exchange surfaces in an insect, a fish, a frog and a mammal * Insects: Insects have a system of branching tubes within their bodies called tracheae; they are open to the external environment by spiracles (pores). The tracheae branch throughout the tissues of the insect, bringing air directly to the body cells. * Fish: The respiratory system in fish are called gills, the gills have a plentiful blood supply, and so the gases diffuse directly into the blood supply. Diffusion of oxygen in and carbon dioxide out occurs at the same time, as water only flows in one direction. * Frogs: Frogs have two respiratory surfaces: skin and lungs, frogs have a well-developed blood supply to their skin, this enables the diffusion of gases directly through the skin. Oxygen from the air diffuses into the moist skin and is transferred by the blood to the heart, where it is pumped to the rest of the body. * Mammals: The gas exchange organs are the lungs, they are inside the body to prevent drying out. Explain the relationship between the requirements of cells and the need for transport systems in multicellular organisms * Unicellular organisms rely on diffusion to supply requirements such as oxygen, respiration, remove of waste products such as carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste. * Multicellular organisms are larger in size and aren’t able to use osmosis due to their small surface area to volume ratio. Large organisms such as animals need more nutrien ts and produce more waste. A transport system within the bodies of large organisms is able to transport nutrients and dispose of waste efficiently. Outline the transport systems in plants, including: * Root hair cells * Root hairs provide a large surface area for water to diffuse into the plant. Water seeps through the root hairs and travels up the xylem. * Xylem * Xylem consists of dead cells and transports water and mineral ions up the plant stem to the leaves. * Phloem * The phloem transports glucose throughout the plant and allows organic material to be transported up and down the plant. * Stomates and lenticels * Stomates are located on leaves of plants, they are pores in the leaf which enable the diffusion of gases and receive the gases needed for photosynthesis. Stomates can open and close; when open, gas exchange occurs in the leaf and photosynthesis occurs, but when they close, the rate of photosynthesis slows, this is controlled by guard cells, and dependent on light, humidity, water deficiency, and high temperatures. * Lenticels are pores on the woody stems of plants. The gases needed for respiration are diffused through lenticels and allow carbon dioxide to diffuse out. * Compare open and closed circulatory systems using one vertebrate and one invertebrate as examples * Invertebrates such arthropods have open systems. This involves the movement haemolymph around the whole body by a simple pumping system. The fluid is pumped to the front of the animal and slowly flows to the back. The pressure is very low and fluids circulate slowly. An insect has an open circulatory system. The heart contracts and fluid flows to the front of the insect. The fluid flows through the tissues of the body and enters the heart again through a series of holes. The fluid is then pumped again to the rest of the body. * Large animals such as vertebrates and squids have closed systems. The closed circulatory system consists of a muscular pump (heart) that forces blood through a series of tubes (blood vessels), these tubes carry materials rapidly throughout the body. The nutrients, wastes and gases are all carried in blood; the nutrients must first diffuse into lymph before it can be used. Closed systems meet the needs of large active animals. Humans have closed circulatory systems; the heart pumps blood around the body in veins and arteries, the body cells receive nutrients from the blood through the veins. 5. Maintenance of organisms requires growth and repair * Identify mitosis as a process of nuclear division and explain its role * Mitosis is the process where the nucleus divides into two separate nuclei, cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm forming two new cells; the role of mitosis is the growth and repair of multicellular organisms. * Identify the sites of mitosis in plants, insects and mammals * The site of mitosis in plants is; the root tip. In insects it is when the larvae undergo metamorphosis into an adult. In mammals mitosis occurs in many places including skin cells, hair cells and nail cells. * Explain the need for cytokinesis in cell division * Cytokinesis usually occurs immediately after mitosis, it is necessary to ensure that chromosome numbers remain constant. * Identify that nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA * Nuclei contain DNA in the form of chromosomes; they contain genetic information that determines heredity and characteristics * Mitochondria have a set of their own DNA in a ring Chloroplasts also have a circular